ЦЕРКОВЬ И ГЕНОЦИД В РУАНДЕ 1994 ГОДА

Кривушин Иван В.

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ЦЕРКОВЬ И ГЕНОЦИД В РУАНДЕ 1994 ГОДА

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ЦЕРКОВЬ И ГЕНОЦИД В РУАНДЕ 1994 ГОДА

Аннотация

Код статьи

S013038640000617-6-1

Тип публикации

Статья

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Опубликовано

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Кривушин Иван Владимирович Связаться с автором

Выпуск

Номер 6

Страницы

72-82

Аннотация

В статье представлен анализ позиции Церквей в Руанде во время кровавой резни в стране в 1994 г. и отдельных представителей различных конфессий.

Ключевые слова

ГЕНОЦИД В РУАНДЕ 1994 Г., ТУТСИ, ХУТУ

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Дата публикации

01.11.2014

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ГОСТ	Кривушин И. В. ЦЕРКОВЬ И ГЕНОЦИД В РУАНДЕ 1994 ГОДА // Новая и Новейшая история. – 2014. – Номер 6 C. 72-82 .
MLA	Krivushin, Ivan "ЦЕРКОВЬ И ГЕНОЦИД В РУАНДЕ 1994 ГОДА." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia. 6 (2014).:72-82.
APA	Krivushin I. (2014). ЦЕРКОВЬ И ГЕНОЦИД В РУАНДЕ 1994 ГОДА. Novaia i noveishaia istoriia. no. 6, pp.72-82


1

Библиография

Дополнительные библиографические источники и материалы




1. 
Rennie J.K. The precolonial kingdom of Rwanda: A reinterpretation. - TransAfrican Journal of History, v. 2, 1972, № 2
 


2. 
Newbury C. The cohesion of oppression. Clientship and ethnicity in Rwanda 1860-1960. New York, 1988, p. 12
 


3. 
Destexhe A. Rwanda and Genocide in the Twentieth Century. London, 1995, p. 36
 


4. 
Prunier G. The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide. New York, 1995, p. 3
 


5. 
Des Forges A. “Leave None to Tell the Story”: Genocide in Rwanda. New York, 1999, p. 31-34
 




6. 
Vansina J. Antecedents to Modern Rwanda: The Nyiginya Kingdom. Madison (Wisc.), 2004.
 


7. 
Кривушин И.В. Руандийский геноцид: причины, характер, значение. - Pax Africana: континент и диаспора в поисках себя. М., 2009, с. 245-260.    
 


8. 
Gourevitch Ph. We Wish to Inform You that Tomorrow We Will Be Killed with our Families: Stories from Rwanda. New York, 1998, p. 22-23.
 


9. 
Theunis G. Le Role de l'Eglise Catholique dans les Evenements Recents. - Les Crises Politiques au Burundi et au Rwanda. Lille, 1995, p. 293.
 


10. 
Translation fran9aise de la Cassette 0071 de Radio Rwanda, 16 avril 1994, p. 26-29. - URL:http:// migs.concordia.ca/links/documents/RR_16Apr94_fr_K028-3593-K028-3621
 


11. 
Synthese des activites du Gouvernement interimaire et de ses membres a partir du 8 avril 1994, p. 63. - URL: http://rwandadelaguerreaugenocide.univ-paris1.fr/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/ Annexe_97
 


12. 
A Welcome Expression of Intent: The Nairobi Communique and the Ex-FAR/ Interahamwe. Kigali, 2007, p. 50-51.
 


13. 
Damien Biniga: a genocide without borders (Witness to genocide, № 10). London, 1999, p. 23-32.
 


14. 
Mas M. Le diable se cache dans les details. - Radio France international, 3 avril 2004. - URL: http://www1.rfi.fr/actufr/articles/052/article_27243.asp
 


15. 
McGreal Ch. Rwanda 10 years on: not forgiven, not forgotten. - The Age, 3.IV.2004.
 


16. 
Rwanda: The Protestant Churches and the Genocide. An Appeal to the World Council of Churches’ Meeting in Harare. London, 1998, р. 22.
 


17. 
The prosecutor v. Jean-Baptiste Gatete. Case № ICTR-2000-61-T. Judgement and sentence, 31 March 2011, p. 58-88. - URL: http://www.refworld.org/docid/4d9c16642.html
 


18. 
The prosecutor v. Gaspard Kanyarukiga. Case № ICTR-2002-78-T. Judgement and sentence, 1 November 2010, p. 92-93. - URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/4d27114b2
 


19. 
The prosecutor v. Emmanuel Rukundo. Case №. ICTR-2001-70-T. Judgement, 27 February 2009, p. 30-52. - URL: www.refworld.org/pdfid/49be1c0e2
 


20. 
The prosecutor against Samuel Musabyimana. Case №. ICTR-2001-62-I. Judgement, 27 February 2009, p. 5. - URL: http://www.ictrcaselaw.org/docs/doc23432
 


21. 
Wallace Kapaya. Interoffice memorandum, 20 July 2005, p. 4-6. - URL: http://www.unictr. org/Portals/0/Case\\English\\Munyeshyaka\\indictment\\muyeshyaka indictment; см. также: Frilet A. Kigali, l'enfer de l'eglise Sainte-Famille. - Liberation, 17.VI.1994
 


22. 
Fritscher F. Un jour comme les autres a Kigali. - Le Monde, 1.VII.1994.
 


23. 
Rakiya Omaar. Lettre ouverte a Sa Saintete le Pape Jean-Paul II, 13 mai 1998, p. 4. - URL: www.francerwandagenocide.org/documents/LettreAuPape13mai1998
 


24. 
Gourevitch Ph. Op. cit., p. 25-43; The prosecutor v. Elizaphan., p. 55-92.
 


25. 
О трагедии в монастыре Бенебекира см.: The prosecutor v. Ildephonse Hategekimana. Case № ICTR-00-55B-T. Judgement and sentence, 6 December 2010, p. 12-13, 51, 137-155. - URL: http://www.unictr.org/Portals/0/Case/English/Hategekimana/judgement/101206
 


26. 
The Prosecutor v. Ildephonse Nizeyimana. Case № ICTR-2000-55C-T. Judgement and sentence, 19 June 2012, p. 306-317. - URL: www.unictr.org/Portals/0/Case\\English\\Nizeyimana\\Judgment\\JUDGE MENT AND SENTENCE
 


27. 
Africa UK sanctuary for alleged killer. - BBC News. 30 April 1999. - URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/331751.stm; McGreal Ch. Murder of Rwandan innocents. - The Guardian, 7.II.2000.
 


28. 
Jugement du Tribunal militaire au premier degre du 24 octobre 2008. - Le proces "exemplaire" de l'assassinat des eveques et des membres du clerge catholiques a Kabgayi (Gitarama) le 5 juin 1994, p. 41. - URL: http://rwandadelaguerreaugenocide.univ-paris1.fr/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/ Annexe_128
 


29. 
Radhika Coomaraswamy. Report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences. Addendum: Report of the mission to Rwanda on the issues of violence against women in situations of armed conflict, 4 February 1998, р. 9. - URL: http://daccess-dds-ny. un.org/doc/UND0C/GEN/G98/103/85/PDF/G9810385.pdf?0penElement
 


30. 
Rwanda not so innocent when women become killers. Kigali, 1995, p. 84-102. - URL: www. scribd.com/doc/21263653/Rwanda-Not-so-Innocent-When-Womens-Became-Killers-Africa-Rights- August-1995
 


31. 
Rwandans Cite Nun's Massacre Role. - The Associated Press, 17.IV.1997
 


32. 
Olojede D. The nuns' betrayal: Mother Superior led families to slaughter. - Daily Press, 2.V.2004.
 


33. 
Church of the Holy Slaughter. - The Observer, 5.VI.1994, p. 16.
 


34. 
Guichaoua A. Gouvernements, representation politique, principaux corps d'Etat, institutions de la societe civile, p. 69-70. - URL: http://www.francerwandagenocide.org/documents/guichaoua- annuaire
 


35. 
Longman T. Christianity and Genocide in Rwanda. Cambridge, 2010, p. 7.
 


36. 
Skoler M. Report from the Genocide. - URL: http://americanradioworks.publicradio.org/ features/rwanda/segd1.html New York Times, 7.VII.1995, p. 3
 


37. 
Hammer J. Blood on the Altar: Rwanda: What did you do in the war Father? - Newsweek, 4.IX.1995, p. 36
 


38. 
O'Hara Th. Rwandan bishops faltered in face of crisis. - National Catholic Reporter, 29.IX.1995
 


39. 
Churches in the Thick of Rwandan violence. - The Christian Century, 8.XI.1995, p. 1041-1042
 


40. 
Sigaud D. Genocide: le dossier noir de l'Eglise rwandaise. - Le Nouvel Observateur, 1-7.II.1996, p. 50-51
 


41. 
Tincq H. Le fardeau rwandais de Jean Paul II. - Le Monde, 23.V.1996; The Protestant Churches and the Genocide. - All Africa, 3.XII.1998.
 


42. 
Lettera al. Presidente della Conferenza Episcopale del Rwanda, 14 marzo 1996. - URL: www. vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/letters/1996/documents/hf_jp-ii_let_19960314_episc-conf- rwanda_it.html В 2002 г. Иоанн Павел II посвятил храм св. Варфоломея на острове Тиберина в Риме памяти мучеников, пострадавших за веру в XX в., в том числе и руандийцам.
 


43. 
Hennig R.Ch. The Cross and the Genocide. - URL: http://www.afrol.com/features/10600
 


44. 
McGreal Ch. Rwanda 10 years on.
 


45. 
Goering L. Islam blooms in genocide's wake. - Chicago Tribune, 5.VIII.2002.
 


46. 
McCullum H. The Angels Have Left Us: The Rwanda Tragedy and the Churches. Geneva, 1995, р. XI.

1.	Rennie J.K. The precolonial kingdom of Rwanda: A reinterpretation. - TransAfrican Journal of History, v. 2, 1972, № 2
2.	Newbury C. The cohesion of oppression. Clientship and ethnicity in Rwanda 1860-1960. New York, 1988, p. 12
3.	Destexhe A. Rwanda and Genocide in the Twentieth Century. London, 1995, p. 36
4.	Prunier G. The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide. New York, 1995, p. 3
5.	Des Forges A. “Leave None to Tell the Story”: Genocide in Rwanda. New York, 1999, p. 31-34
6.	Vansina J. Antecedents to Modern Rwanda: The Nyiginya Kingdom. Madison (Wisc.), 2004.
7.	Кривушин И.В. Руандийский геноцид: причины, характер, значение. - Pax Africana: континент и диаспора в поисках себя. М., 2009, с. 245-260.
8.	Gourevitch Ph. We Wish to Inform You that Tomorrow We Will Be Killed with our Families: Stories from Rwanda. New York, 1998, p. 22-23.
9.	Theunis G. Le Role de l'Eglise Catholique dans les Evenements Recents. - Les Crises Politiques au Burundi et au Rwanda. Lille, 1995, p. 293.
10.	Translation fran9aise de la Cassette 0071 de Radio Rwanda, 16 avril 1994, p. 26-29. - URL:http:// migs.concordia.ca/links/documents/RR_16Apr94_fr_K028-3593-K028-3621
11.	Synthese des activites du Gouvernement interimaire et de ses membres a partir du 8 avril 1994, p. 63. - URL: http://rwandadelaguerreaugenocide.univ-paris1.fr/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/ Annexe_97
12.	A Welcome Expression of Intent: The Nairobi Communique and the Ex-FAR/ Interahamwe. Kigali, 2007, p. 50-51.
13.	Damien Biniga: a genocide without borders (Witness to genocide, № 10). London, 1999, p. 23-32.
14.	Mas M. Le diable se cache dans les details. - Radio France international, 3 avril 2004. - URL: http://www1.rfi.fr/actufr/articles/052/article_27243.asp
15.	McGreal Ch. Rwanda 10 years on: not forgiven, not forgotten. - The Age, 3.IV.2004.
16.	Rwanda: The Protestant Churches and the Genocide. An Appeal to the World Council of Churches’ Meeting in Harare. London, 1998, р. 22.
17.	The prosecutor v. Jean-Baptiste Gatete. Case № ICTR-2000-61-T. Judgement and sentence, 31 March 2011, p. 58-88. - URL: http://www.refworld.org/docid/4d9c16642.html
18.	The prosecutor v. Gaspard Kanyarukiga. Case № ICTR-2002-78-T. Judgement and sentence, 1 November 2010, p. 92-93. - URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/4d27114b2
19.	The prosecutor v. Emmanuel Rukundo. Case №. ICTR-2001-70-T. Judgement, 27 February 2009, p. 30-52. - URL: www.refworld.org/pdfid/49be1c0e2
20.	The prosecutor against Samuel Musabyimana. Case №. ICTR-2001-62-I. Judgement, 27 February 2009, p. 5. - URL: http://www.ictrcaselaw.org/docs/doc23432
21.	Wallace Kapaya. Interoffice memorandum, 20 July 2005, p. 4-6. - URL: http://www.unictr. org/Portals/0/Case\\English\\Munyeshyaka\\indictment\\muyeshyaka indictment; см. также: Frilet A. Kigali, l'enfer de l'eglise Sainte-Famille. - Liberation, 17.VI.1994
22.	Fritscher F. Un jour comme les autres a Kigali. - Le Monde, 1.VII.1994.
23.	Rakiya Omaar. Lettre ouverte a Sa Saintete le Pape Jean-Paul II, 13 mai 1998, p. 4. - URL: www.francerwandagenocide.org/documents/LettreAuPape13mai1998
24.	Gourevitch Ph. Op. cit., p. 25-43; The prosecutor v. Elizaphan., p. 55-92.
25.	О трагедии в монастыре Бенебекира см.: The prosecutor v. Ildephonse Hategekimana. Case № ICTR-00-55B-T. Judgement and sentence, 6 December 2010, p. 12-13, 51, 137-155. - URL: http://www.unictr.org/Portals/0/Case/English/Hategekimana/judgement/101206
26.	The Prosecutor v. Ildephonse Nizeyimana. Case № ICTR-2000-55C-T. Judgement and sentence, 19 June 2012, p. 306-317. - URL: www.unictr.org/Portals/0/Case\\English\\Nizeyimana\\Judgment\\JUDGE MENT AND SENTENCE
27.	Africa UK sanctuary for alleged killer. - BBC News. 30 April 1999. - URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/331751.stm; McGreal Ch. Murder of Rwandan innocents. - The Guardian, 7.II.2000.
28.	Jugement du Tribunal militaire au premier degre du 24 octobre 2008. - Le proces "exemplaire" de l'assassinat des eveques et des membres du clerge catholiques a Kabgayi (Gitarama) le 5 juin 1994, p. 41. - URL: http://rwandadelaguerreaugenocide.univ-paris1.fr/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/ Annexe_128
29.	Radhika Coomaraswamy. Report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences. Addendum: Report of the mission to Rwanda on the issues of violence against women in situations of armed conflict, 4 February 1998, р. 9. - URL: http://daccess-dds-ny. un.org/doc/UND0C/GEN/G98/103/85/PDF/G9810385.pdf?0penElement
30.	Rwanda not so innocent when women become killers. Kigali, 1995, p. 84-102. - URL: www. scribd.com/doc/21263653/Rwanda-Not-so-Innocent-When-Womens-Became-Killers-Africa-Rights- August-1995
31.	Rwandans Cite Nun's Massacre Role. - The Associated Press, 17.IV.1997
32.	Olojede D. The nuns' betrayal: Mother Superior led families to slaughter. - Daily Press, 2.V.2004.
33.	Church of the Holy Slaughter. - The Observer, 5.VI.1994, p. 16.
34.	Guichaoua A. Gouvernements, representation politique, principaux corps d'Etat, institutions de la societe civile, p. 69-70. - URL: http://www.francerwandagenocide.org/documents/guichaoua- annuaire
35.	Longman T. Christianity and Genocide in Rwanda. Cambridge, 2010, p. 7.
36.	Skoler M. Report from the Genocide. - URL: http://americanradioworks.publicradio.org/ features/rwanda/segd1.html New York Times, 7.VII.1995, p. 3
37.	Hammer J. Blood on the Altar: Rwanda: What did you do in the war Father? - Newsweek, 4.IX.1995, p. 36
38.	O'Hara Th. Rwandan bishops faltered in face of crisis. - National Catholic Reporter, 29.IX.1995
39.	Churches in the Thick of Rwandan violence. - The Christian Century, 8.XI.1995, p. 1041-1042
40.	Sigaud D. Genocide: le dossier noir de l'Eglise rwandaise. - Le Nouvel Observateur, 1-7.II.1996, p. 50-51
41.	Tincq H. Le fardeau rwandais de Jean Paul II. - Le Monde, 23.V.1996; The Protestant Churches and the Genocide. - All Africa, 3.XII.1998.
42.	Lettera al. Presidente della Conferenza Episcopale del Rwanda, 14 marzo 1996. - URL: www. vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/letters/1996/documents/hf_jp-ii_let_19960314_episc-conf- rwanda_it.html В 2002 г. Иоанн Павел II посвятил храм св. Варфоломея на острове Тиберина в Риме памяти мучеников, пострадавших за веру в XX в., в том числе и руандийцам.
43.	Hennig R.Ch. The Cross and the Genocide. - URL: http://www.afrol.com/features/10600
44.	McGreal Ch. Rwanda 10 years on.
45.	Goering L. Islam blooms in genocide's wake. - Chicago Tribune, 5.VIII.2002.
46.	McCullum H. The Angels Have Left Us: The Rwanda Tragedy and the Churches. Geneva, 1995, р. XI.

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